For years, a debate simmered around President Barack Obama’s Affordable Care Act (the ACA). Lawsuits challenged mandated healthcare as an unconstitutional intrusion by Congress on individual liberties. States challenged the ACA’s required expansion of Medicaid roles as an intrusion on their sovereignty. Finally, June 28, an unseasonably hot day in Washington, D.C., Chief Justice John Roberts of the U.S. Supreme Court, delivered the 5-4 decision, finding the ACA constitutional.